This is the part most homeowners do not know about until it is in the way, and in a county where the majority of houses predate 1978, it comes up constantly.
Massachusetts law requires that a home built before 1978 which is occupied by a child under six be deleaded or brought under interim control. It applies to owner-occupied homes, not just rentals. And there is a deadline that catches buyers in particular: a new owner of a pre-1978 home where a child under six will live has 90 days from taking title to have the property deleaded or under interim control. If you are buying a fixer-upper with young children, that clock starts at closing.
Separately, the federal Renovation, Repair and Painting rule governs the work itself. It applies to renovation that disturbs more than six square feet of painted surface indoors or twenty square feet outdoors in pre-1978 housing, and it requires certified renovators and certified firms using lead-safe work practices. Massachusetts is not an authorized RRP state, which means the EPA administers that program directly here rather than the state.
The practical takeaway is that lead should be part of the plan on day one of a major remodel in an older house, not a discovery in week four. There is also a Massachusetts tax credit for deleading, up to $1,500 per unit for full compliance and up to $500 per unit for interim control, with unused credit carrying forward for up to seven years. Ask about it, because a lot of homeowners never do.