Across most of the towns we work in, the historic designation question has a reassuring answer: National Register listing on its own generally does not restrict what a private owner does to their own building. It is an honor, not a permit requirement.
Northborough is different. The town maintains a Historic District Commission and an inventory of historic properties, structures, and objects across the town, from the Assabet River dam at Main Street to the Brigham Street burial ground to the Boston Post Road marker. A local historic district commission has authority that a National Register listing does not. Depending on where your property sits, exterior changes can require review, and that can include siding, window replacement, roofing materials, and in some cases colors.
What this means practically. If your house is in or near the town center, or in one of the older residential neighborhoods that grew up around it, find out your status before design work rather than after. Commission review adds a step and a schedule, and it also constrains material choices in ways that affect the budget. A re-side or a window replacement is a very different conversation inside a local historic district than outside one.
This is not a reason to avoid an older Northborough house. It is a reason to plan around a known requirement instead of discovering one. We check it early.