Vinyl is the most common siding in New England and there is a reason for it. It is affordable, it is effectively maintenance free, and it comes in a wide range of colors. In Central Massachusetts standard vinyl runs roughly $6 to $12 per square foot installed. The honest tradeoffs are that it can become brittle over time in this climate and it is more vulnerable to impact damage from falling branches, which matters on the wooded lots common in Princeton, Sterling, and Holden.
Insulated vinyl adds a bonded layer of rigid foam, running roughly $8 to $14 per square foot installed. It adds R-value and impact resistance for a modest premium over standard vinyl, and it is worth pricing on any older house.
Engineered wood, such as LP SmartSide, runs roughly $8 to $14 per square foot installed and gives a real wood look with treated strand board that resists rot and insects better than natural cedar. It is often the better value than fiber cement when the goal is the wood aesthetic.
Fiber cement, with James Hardie the dominant brand, generally lasts 30 to 50 years and handles freeze-thaw cycling, moisture, and impact better than the alternatives. It is the premium durability choice in this market and it prices accordingly.
Cedar clapboard and shingles look right on an older New England home in a way nothing else quite manages, and on a historic house in a village center it is frequently the correct answer rather than the expensive one. It requires maintenance.
Whatever goes on the wall, the assembly behind it is what determines the lifespan. A weather-resistive barrier is not optional in this climate, and flashing at every window, door, and penetration is what actually keeps water out. Siding sheds most of the water. The layer behind it handles what gets past.